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Psychology 1

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List I: ConceptList II: Description(a) Bottom-up(ii) Life circumstances influence happiness(b) Top-down(iii) Happiness begins in ourselves(c) Happines

Question

List I: Concept
List II: Description
(a) Bottom-up
(ii) Life circumstances influence happiness
(b) Top-down
(iii) Happiness begins in ourselves
(c) Happiness set point
(iv) Happiness levels are fixed and stable across time
(d) Hedonic adaptation
(i) Happiness due to circumstances tends to be temporary because we generally adjust fairly soon to new circumstances

List I: Concept	List II: Description
(a) Bottom-up	(ii) Life circumstances influence happiness
(b) Top-down	(iii) Happiness begins in ourselves
(c) Happiness set point	(iv) Happiness levels are fixed and stable across time
(d) Hedonic adaptation	(i) Happiness due to circumstances tends to be temporary because we generally adjust fairly soon to new circumstances

(a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)

(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

(a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)

Solution

Correct option is D

This matching correctly pairs happiness theories with their descriptions. (a) Bottom-up approach suggests life circumstances and external events influence happiness (ii), emphasizing situational factors like income, health, relationships as happiness determinants. (b) Top-down approach proposes happiness begins within ourselves (iii), emphasizing personality traits, genetic predispositions, and cognitive interpretations over external conditions. (c) Happiness set point theory posits that happiness levels are relatively fixed and stable across time (iv), with individuals returning to a baseline level despite life changes (genetic set point hypothesis). (d) Hedonic adaptation explains how happiness from circumstances is temporary because we adapt fairly quickly to new situations (i), a phenomenon also called the hedonic treadmill. Option 4 accurately reflects these positive psychology and subjective well-being concepts.