Kondal or stem wasting is a non-parasitic disorder due to toxicity of:

Correct option is C

Kondal or stem wasting is a non-parasitic disorder due to toxicity of copper.
Symptoms:
· Symptoms become apparent from Aug-Oct on 6-8 months old plants.
· Infected plants show a constriction at the first or second node from the base.
· The stem portion above the constriction becomes swollen with gradual thinning of the stem below the constriction.
· The tip pair of leaves of the infected plants show copper bronze or pale-yellow coloration.
· The plants become lean & lanky.
· It easily snap off at the constriction.
Management:
1. Avoid spraying copper-based fungicides in the nursery.
2. To protect plants in the nursery from diseases, spray organic fungicides like Captan, Dithane, and Foltaf etc.
· This is a non-parasitic disorder resulting from the toxicity of copper fungicides sprayed on young coffee plants in the nursery during the inclement monsoon weather from May-Sep.