Jam, jellies and pickles are preserved through which of the following principles?

Correct option is A

Option (a): Correct
• High sugar (jam/jelly) and high salt/oil (pickles) create strong osmotic pressure, pulling water out of microbial cells and preventing growth.
Option (b): Incorrect
• Freezing is not used for long-term preservation of these products.
Option (c): Incorrect
• Although preservatives may be involved, core preservation is osmotic dehydration.
Option (d): Incorrect
• They are not dried products; moisture is bound by solutes, not removed.