---- is the combination of methods used for the inactivation of microorganisms in food preservation.

Correct option is B

• Hurdle technology is a food preservation approach that uses a combination of multiple mild preservation factors, known as “hurdles,” to inhibit or inactivate microorganisms.
• These hurdles may include pH reduction, water activity control, temperature, preservatives, redox potential, and modified atmosphere—working synergistically to ensure microbial stability and safety.
• This allows the use of milder individual treatments while achieving overall effective preservation.
• Irradiation, canning, and high pressure processing are single preservation techniques, not combinations of methods, which makes them unsuitable answers.