Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can lead to _____.

Correct option is C

Sol. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can lead to maternal and fetal hypothyroidism. Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which play a crucial role in fetal brain development and overall growth. Severe deficiency can result in cretinism, mental retardation, stunted growth, and other neurodevelopmental disorders in newborns. Pregnant women are advised to maintain adequate iodine intake to prevent these complications.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Cushing’s syndrome – Incorrect. Cushing’s syndrome is caused by excess cortisol production, not iodine deficiency.
· (b) Addison’s disease – Incorrect. Addison’s disease is an adrenal insufficiency disorder unrelated to iodine levels.
· (c) Maternal and fetal hypothyroidism – Correct answer. Iodine deficiency leads to reduced thyroid hormone production, causing hypothyroidism in both the mother and fetus.
· (d) Maternal and fetal hyperthyroidism – Incorrect. Hyperthyroidism is caused by excessive thyroid hormone production, whereas iodine deficiency results in reduced hormone levels.