In which of the following countries of the world, the farming is severely restricted by climate ?

Correct option is C

Introduction
The correct answer is Canada, where farming is severely restricted by cold climate, short growing seasons, and large areas of permafrost and boreal terrain.

Information Booster

• Short growing season – Much of Canada lies at high latitudes so the period between last spring frost and first autumn frost is very short, limiting the types and yields of crops that can be grown without protected cultivation.
• Low temperatures and frost risk – Persistent low temperatures and frequent late/early frosts reduce crop choices to cold-tolerant or fast-maturing varieties and increase the risk of crop loss.
• Permafrost and poorly drained soils – Northern regions have permafrost or shallow active layers, making soils unsuitable for conventional agriculture and restricting farming largely to southern pockets of the country.
• Limited arable land – Canada’s vast land area is dominated by boreal forest, tundra, and rock rather than fertile plains; only a small portion in the Prairie provinces and some coastal zones is highly productive arable land.
• Adaptation measures – Canadian agriculture relies on strategies such as selecting short-season crops, irrigation in dry prairie zones, season extension (greenhouses, polytunnels), and mechanization to cope with climatic limits.

Additional Knowledge

• Why Mexico is not correct
  • Mexico has a wide range of climates from tropical to temperate; while some arid or mountainous areas are marginal, large regions (central highlands, coastal plains) support intensive agriculture and diverse crops.
• Why Spain is not correct
  • Spain’s Mediterranean climate supports olives, grapes, citrus, and cereals; water stress is a challenge in parts of Spain but overall farming is widespread and productive rather than being severely constrained by cold climate.
• Why China is not correct
  • China spans many climate zones; although its far north and high Tibetan regions are unsuitable for farming, vast areas of eastern and southern China are highly fertile and intensively farmed, so farming is not broadly restricted by climate at the national scale.