In which Adhikaran of Kautilya’s Arthashastra, seven organs of the state have been discussed?

Correct option is D

The Mandalyoni Adhikaran of Kautilya's Arthashastra discusses the concept of the Saptanga theory or the seven organs of the state. This theory elaborates on the essential elements required for the effective functioning and stability of a state. The seven organs identified are:
1. Swami (The King): The ruler and the central authority.
2. Amatya (The Ministers): Advisors and administrators who assist in governance.
3. Janapada (The Territory): The land and the people of the state.
4. Durga (The Fort): The fortified capital or protective infrastructure.
5. Kosha (The Treasury): The state's financial resources.
6. Danda (The Army): Military power for protection and enforcement.
7. Mitra (The Allies): Alliances and diplomatic relations.
The Mandalyoni section also delves into foreign policy and the dynamics of a state's relations with its neighbors, complementing the discussions on the internal structure of governance.
Information Booster
1. Kautilya (Chanakya) authored the Arthashastra in the 4th century BCE as a treatise on statecraft, economy, and military strategy.
2. The Saptanga theory highlights the interdependence of the seven elements for the survival of a state.
3. The Mandala theory, also discussed in Arthashastra, outlines the relations between states in a geopolitical context.
4. Kautilya emphasized practical governance, combining ethical principles with political pragmatism.
5. The Arthashastra influenced later Indian political thought and governance models.
6. The Saptanga theory is analogous to modern notions of state organs like executive, legislature, and judiciary, but broader in scope.