In the demographic cycle, India is in the:

Correct option is C

India is in the Late Expanding Stage of the demographic transition model. In this stage, both birth rates and death rates continue to decline, but birth rates are still higher than death rates, leading to a slowing population growth rate. Improvements in healthcare, education (especially for women), and access to contraception have reduced birth rates. India, though experiencing a slower growth in population, still has a large base population and a youthful demographic.

Explanation of each option:

• (a) High stationary stage – This stage is characterized by both high birth rates and high death rates, leading to a stable or slow-growing population. India has already passed this stage.

• (b) Early expanding stage – In this stage, the death rate declines significantly, but the birth rate remains high, leading to rapid population growth. India experienced this stage in the mid-20th century.

• (c) Late expanding stage – Correct answer. Both birth and death rates decline, and the population growth rate begins to slow. India is currently in this stage, with fertility rates declining, but still high compared to many developed countries.

• (d) Low stationary stage – This stage is marked by both low birth rates and low death rates, resulting in a stable population or slow population decline. India has not yet reached this stage.