​In order of higher claims to land and its production, who was not an owner of the land in Mughal India?

Correct option is D

In Mughal India, the landholding system was complex and based on different categories of cultivators. Khud Kasht were peasants who cultivated their own land, often residing in the same village, thus having strong ownership rights. Pahi Kasht referred to peasants who had migrated to new lands but had somewhat lower rights than Khud Kasht. Muqarari Riyaya were permanent tenants who enjoyed hereditary rights over land and were recognized as having ownership-like rights, subject to revenue payment. In contrast, Muzarian were tenant cultivators or sharecroppers who worked on the land but did not own it. They were dependent on landowners and paid a share of the produce as rent. Hence, Muzarian had no ownership rights over the land, distinguishing them from Khud Kasht, Pahi Kasht, and Muqarari Riyaya.