Arrange the following later Mughal rulers in chronological order:
A. Rafi-ud-Daula
B. Jahandar Shah
C. Muhammad Shah
D. Ahmad Shah
E. Farrukhsiyar

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is C

The chronological order of later Mughal rulers is as follows:

Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)
Farrukhsiyar (1713–1719)
Rafi-ud-Daula (often refers to Muhammad Shah, but in this context taken as a ruler succeeding Farrukhsiyar)
Muhammad Shah (1719–1748)
Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754)

Thus, the correct sequence is B, E, A, C, D.

Information Booster:

The Mughal Empire in its later period faced severe political instability and decline, with short reigns and rapid succession of emperors. Jahandar Shah was known for his brief rule after Aurangzeb's death, followed by Farrukhsiyar who was installed by the powerful Sayyid brothers. Muhammad Shah, one of the longest-reigning later Mughal emperors, is notable for his patronage of arts and literature despite the empire's political decay. Ahmad Shah Bahadur was his successor but lacked effective control, accelerating the decline.