In India, all the Union Ministers are appointed by

Correct option is B

In India, all Union Ministers are appointed by The President. However, the appointments are made on the advice of the Prime Minister, who selects the ministers.

Key points:
● The President appoints the Prime Minister and, on the latter's advice, the Council of Ministers.
● The Council of Ministers includes Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers.
● The Constitution of India mandates collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers to the Lok Sabha.
● The Prime Minister determines the portfolios of the ministers.
● The President’s role in the appointment process is formal and based on constitutional provisions.
● The Council of Ministers assists the Prime Minister in decision-making and governance.