In an Alternating Current (AC) circuit, the phase relationship between current and voltage depends on the circuit elements. Match the entries in Column - I with the appropriate relations in Column - II.
Column-I (Type of Circuit): i. Pure Resistance (R), ii. Pure Capacitance (C), iii. Pure Inductance (L), iv. R-L-C Series Circuit
Column-II (Phase Relationship): p. Current leads voltage by 90°, q. Current and voltage are in same phase, r. Current and voltage may or may not be in same phase, s. Current lags voltage by 90°
Select the correct matching option:

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (b) i-q, ii-p, iii-s, iv-r

Explanation:

Pure Resistance (i-q): In a purely resistive circuit, the current and voltage are in phase (phase difference = 0°).

Pure Capacitance (ii-p): In a purely capacitive circuit, the current leads the voltage by 90° (or pi/2 radians).

Pure Inductance (iii-s): In a purely inductive circuit, the current lags the voltage by 90°.

R-L-C Series Circuit (iv-r): The phase relationship depends on the values of XL and XC; they may be in phase (at resonance) or have a phase difference.

Information Booster:

A useful mnemonic is CIVIL:

• In a Capacitor, I (current) leads V (voltage).

• In an Inductor (L), V (voltage) leads I (current).

The power factor of a purely resistive circuit is 1, while for purely inductive or capacitive circuits, it is 0.

Additional Knowledge:

i-p (Option a) is incorrect because current does not lead voltage in a resistor; it only happens in a capacitor.

So, the correct answer is (b).