In all the electric appliances like electric iron, toasters, electric kettle, hair dryers etc, which of the following principles is involved?

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (b) Heating effect of current.
· All electric appliances like electric irons, toasters, kettles, and hair dryers operate on the heating effect of current, which states that when an electric current flows through a conductor with resistance, heat is generated.
Explanation:
The heat generated is given by Joule's Law of Heating:
H=I2Rt
Where:
· H is the heat generated,
· I is the current,
· R is the resistance,
· t is the time.
This heat is utilized for specific purposes:
· Electric Iron: Smoothens clothes using the heat generated.
· Toaster and Kettle: Uses heat to toast bread or boil water.
· Hair Dryer: Converts electrical energy into heat and airflow for drying.
Key Fact:
· The heating effect of current is widely used in household and industrial appliances to convert electrical energy into thermal energy for various applications.