If a person’s distinctive social category makes him or her vulnerable to stereotyping, it is referred to as:

Correct option is A

The correct answer is Token integration.
1. Token integration refers to a situation in which a person's distinctive social category (such as race, gender, or ethnicity) makes them vulnerable to stereotyping due to being perceived as the "representative" of their social group. This can occur when individuals from underrepresented groups are placed in a position where they stand out and are viewed through the lens of their group identity rather than as individuals.
2. In token integration, people may be subjected to stereotypes or bias, with others focusing more on their social category than their personal qualities. This can lead to tokenism, where the person is seen as a symbol for their entire group, often leading to limited roles and opportunities.

Information Booster

1. Stereotype:
1.1 Definition: A stereotype is a widely held but oversimplified and generalized belief or assumption about a particular group of people. Stereotypes reduce individuals to a set of characteristics based on their social group identity rather than their personal qualities.
1.2 Key Feature - Overgeneralization: Stereotypes involve overgeneralizing traits to an entire group, ignoring individual differences. For instance, assuming that all people from a particular race or gender behave the same way is an example of an overgeneralization.
1.3 Key Feature - Cognitive Shortcut: Stereotypes serve as mental shortcuts that help individuals process information quickly. They allow people to make quick judgments about others based on their group membership without considering personal experiences.
1.4 Key Feature - Resistance to Change: Once established, stereotypes tend to be resistant to change. Even when new information contradicts existing stereotypes, people may still hold onto them due to cognitive biases such as the confirmation bias, where individuals selectively notice information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs.
1.5 Key Feature - Social Identity: Stereotypes are often linked to social identity categories such as race, gender, age, sexual orientation, and religion. These categories become the basis for judging people, even though individuals within these groups can be highly diverse.
1.6 Key Feature - Impact on Behavior: Stereotypes can shape not only how people are perceived by others but also how they behave. For example, when individuals are aware of negative stereotypes about their social group, they may experience stereotype threat, which can negatively affect their performance in certain situations, such as exams or interviews.

Additional Information

2. Neosexism:
2.1. Neosexism refers to a form of subtle prejudice against women, where individuals claim to support gender equality but still exhibit biased attitudes or behaviors that disadvantage women.
2.2. It is characterized by attitudes that seem to support gender equality on the surface, but still harbor traditional gender roles and discriminatory practices when observed more closely.
2.3. Neosexism often manifests in attitudes such as, “Women have equal rights, but they should not behave in ways that conflict with traditional gender norms.”
2.4. It can be seen as a modern form of sexism, often appearing in settings where overt discrimination is socially unacceptable.

3. Ingratiation:
3.1. Ingratiation is a social strategy where individuals attempt to gain favor or acceptance by flattering or pleasing others, often at the expense of their own authenticity.
3.2. This technique is used to win approval or manipulate others to perceive one positively. It often involves behaviors like agreeing with others excessively, praising them, or engaging in actions that seek approval.
3.3. While ingratiation may be useful in some social or professional settings, it can also lead to manipulation, as it prioritizes pleasing others over being honest or genuine.
3.4. In the context of stereotypes, ingratiation can be used to align with social norms or expectations to avoid negative stereotypes related to one’s identity.

4. Token Bias:
4.1. Token bias refers to a situation in which an individual is chosen or recognized as a "token" representative of a particular social group, but this token status results in bias rather than genuine inclusion or representation.
4.2. Token bias occurs when an individual is placed in a situation to fulfill a symbolic role of diversity or inclusion, but the actual environment or structure still perpetuates stereotypes or discriminatory practices.
4.3. For example, a minority employee might be hired to satisfy diversity quotas but may still face subtle or overt discrimination in the workplace, which undermines their true inclusion.
4.4. Unlike token integration, token bias specifically focuses on unfair and inequitable treatment that results from the symbolic use of individuals as “tokens,” rather than truly integrating them into the group or organization.