Correct option is A
Explanation:
The correct answer is A and B only.
A. The term 'Flâneur' is often associated with the poetry of Baudelaire.
- The term flâneur refers to an individual who strolls leisurely through the urban spaces, observing the city without direct engagement.
- This figure is strongly associated with the poetry of Charles Baudelaire, particularly in his collection Les Fleurs du mal (The Flowers of Evil), where he explores themes of modernity and the alienation of urban life.
- The flâneur is a key symbol of modern life and urban experience, representing both detachment and critical observation of the world.
B. The term 'Habitus' is associated with Pierre Bourdieu.
- The term habitus was developed by Pierre Bourdieu, a French sociologist, to describe the deeply ingrained habits, skills, and dispositions that individuals acquire through their life experiences.
- These are the socially conditioned behaviors that govern individual actions and contribute to the reproduction of social structures.
- Habitus reflects the interrelationship between individual actions and larger social forces and helps explain how culture and society shape our behavior unconsciously.
Information Booster:
The Flâneur and Baudelaire:
- Charles Baudelaire (1821–1867) was a French poet and critic, best known for his collection Les Fleurs du mal (The Flowers of Evil), which explores the tension between beauty and decay in the modern world.
- Baudelaire's poems often address themes of urban life, alienation, and transience.
- The Flâneur is a key figure in the modernist literary tradition and represents the detached observer who explores the city, observing life from a distance.
- Baudelaire’s flâneur is both an outsider and an insider, critically engaging with the urban space without direct participation.
- The flâneur becomes a symbol of modern alienation, as urban life transforms people into detached observers of the world, rather than active participants in it.
- Baudelaire’s poetry captures this sense of detachment, indifference, and melancholy in the context of a rapidly changing society.
Habitus and Pierre Bourdieu:
- Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) was a French sociologist, known for his influential work in cultural sociology, education, and social theory.
- One of his major concepts is habitus, which describes the internalized norms, behaviors, and attitudes that individuals develop through their life experiences, particularly within a given social class or cultural group.
- Habitus operates at an unconscious level, influencing an individual’s choices and actions without their explicit awareness.
- It helps explain how social inequality is reproduced across generations, as habitus is passed down through family and social structures.
- Bourdieu’s work on habitus has had significant implications in fields like education, media studies, and cultural analysis, as it provides a framework for understanding how culture and society shape individual actions.
Additional Knowledge:
- 'Modernity: An Unfinished Project' is a concept most closely associated with Jürgen Habermas, a German philosopher. Habermas used this term to critique modernity and enlightenment as incomplete projects that continue to evolve and require further reflection and development.
- Frantz Fanon is not associated with the term 'Imagined Community'. The term 'Imagined Community' was coined by Benedict Anderson, an important political scientist. Anderson’s concept refers to the way in which nations are socially constructed as communities that are imagined because members of the nation will never meet all other members.
- Thick Description is associated with Clifford Geertz. Geertz, an American anthropologist, introduced the concept of thick description in his study of cultures. It refers to the detailed, context-rich interpretation of cultural actions, where the meaning and context of those actions are provided, rather than just a superficial description.
English
10 Questions
20 Marks
12 Mins
