Identify the statement(s) which is/are NOT true for the placenta:
1. Placenta is endocrine in nature.
2. Placenta is formed by the inner cell mass.
3. Placental hormones help in lactation after parturition.
4. Placenta is connected to the embryo through an umbilical cord.
Options:

Correct option is C

Ans. (c) 2 and 3 only
Sol. The placenta is a vital organ that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus during pregnancy. It also has hormonal functions.
Analysis of Each Statement:
· (1) Placenta is endocrine in nature – Correct (True)
· The placenta acts as an endocrine organ by secreting hormones like hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), progesterone, estrogen, and human placental lactogen (hPL), which support pregnancy.
· (2) Placenta is formed by the inner cell mass – Incorrect (False)
· The placenta is not formed by the inner cell mass; instead, it develops from the trophoblast (outer layer of the blastocyst).
· The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryo, not the placenta.
· (3) Placental hormones help in lactation after parturition – Incorrect (False)
· While the placenta secretes hormones during pregnancy, it is not responsible for lactation after birth.
· Prolactin and oxytocin (from the pituitary gland) control lactation, not placental hormones.
· (4) Placenta is connected to the embryo through the umbilical cord – Correct (True)
· The placenta is connected to the fetus via the umbilical cord, which supplies oxygen and nutrients and removes waste products.
Conclusion:
The incorrect statements about the placenta are (2) and (3), making the correct answer (c) 2 and 3 only.