Identify the formal fallacy committed in the argument:
All criminals are human beings.
All saints are human beings
Therefore all saints are criminals.

Correct option is C

This argument commits the fallacy of the undistributed middle term. In a syllogism, the middle term (in this case, "human beings") must be distributed at least once in the premises. Here, "human beings" is not distributed, meaning it does not refer to all human beings in either premise. Therefore, it does not logically connect "criminals" and "saints."
· The middle term "human beings" fails to create a logical bridge between "criminals" and "saints," leading to an invalid conclusion.
Information Booster: · Undistributed middle term: A fallacy where the middle term is not distributed in any premise, leading to an invalid conclusion.
· Distribution: A term is said to be distributed if it refers to all members of the class.
Additional Knowlede: · Middle term: The term that appears in both premises of a syllogism but not in the conclusion.
· Four-term fallacy: Involves using more than three terms in a syllogism, leading to invalidity.