A fallacy in which the conclusion is stated or assumed within one of the premises is known severally as:
A. Petitio Principii
B. Irrelevant Conclusion
C. Begging the Question
D. Fallacy of Composition
E. Circular argument
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) A, C and E only. The fallacy in which the conclusion is stated or assumed within one of the premises is commonly referred to as Petitio Principii, Begging the Question, or a Circular Argument. All these terms describe the same logical flaw where the argument's conclusion is implicitly or explicitly assumed in its premises.
A. Petitio Principii:
· This is the Latin term for “Begging the Question.” It refers to assuming the truth of the conclusion within the premises of the argument, essentially restating what you are trying to prove.
C. Begging the Question:
· This is the English term for Petitio Principii. It describes a situation where the conclusion is taken for granted in the premises, making the argument circular.
E. Circular Argument:
· A type of reasoning where the conclusion is included within the premises, leading to a loop of reasoning that does not provide independent support.
Information Booster: 1. Petitio Principii and Begging the Question are synonymous terms.
2. Circular Argument explicitly involves reasoning that circles back to the initial premise.
3. Irrelevant Conclusion occurs when the argument fails to address the issue at hand.
4. Fallacy of Composition assumes incorrectly that the properties of the parts apply to the whole.
5. These fallacies undermine the validity and soundness of arguments by failing to provide independent support for their conclusions.