The universe must be spherical in form since all the constituent parts of the universe, stars and planets etc. are spherical in form." Which fallacy is committed in the above argument?

Correct option is B

The argument commits the Fallacy of Composition, which occurs when someone assumes that what is true of the individual parts must also be true of the whole. Here, the reasoning suggests that because stars and planets (parts of the universe) are spherical, the entire universe (the whole) must also be spherical. This is a flawed inference because the properties of parts do not necessarily transfer to the whole.
Information Booster: 1. Fallacy of Composition assumes that the characteristics of parts automatically apply to the whole.
2. The universe is not necessarily spherical because its individual components are spherical.
3. Logical reasoning should distinguish between individual and collective properties.
4. Composition fallacy often arises in debates involving physical or abstract wholes.
5. Avoid assuming that because something is true of some elements, it must be true of the aggregate.
Additional Knowledge: · (a) Begging the Question: This fallacy involves circular reasoning where the argument's conclusion is presupposed in its premises. For example, "We must trust this news source because it always tells the truth."
· (c) Fallacy of Accident: This fallacy applies when a general rule is inappropriately applied to a specific case. For example, "Freedom of speech allows people to say anything, so inciting violence is acceptable."
· (d) Hasty Generalisation: This fallacy occurs when a conclusion is drawn based on an inadequate sample size or evidence. For example, "Two students in the class failed the test, so the class is not intelligent."