Identify the correct order of the publications given below:

(A) Simon Gikandi’s Maps of Englishness: Writing Identity in the Culture of Colonialism 
(B) Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth 
(C) Homi K. Bhabha’s Nation and Narration 
(D) Ernest Gellner’s Nations and Nationalisms 
(E) Robert Young’s Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

Explanation:

The correct chronological order of publication for the works is as follows:

Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth (1961)

- Published in 1961, The Wretched of the Earth is a seminal post-colonial work that critiques the psychological and sociological effects of colonialism. Fanon explores how colonialism affects both the colonized and the colonizer, emphasizing the need for violent resistance to end colonial oppression.

Ernest Gellner’s Nations and Nationalisms (1983)

- Published in 1983, Nations and Nationalisms examines the rise of nationalism as a modern phenomenon, especially in the context of industrial society. Gellner argues that nationalism is a product of modernity and examines the way the nation-state influences the formation of identity.

Homi K. Bhabha’s Nation and Narration (1990)

- Published in 1990, Nation and Narration explores the idea of national identity through post-colonial theory. Bhabha introduces concepts such as hybridity and third space in the context of narrative and nationalism, emphasizing the disrupted and fluid nature of national identity.

Robert Young’s Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race (1994)

- Colonial Desire, published in 1994, examines the intersections of colonialism, race, and identity. Young focuses on the concept of hybridity in post-colonial theory and discusses how colonial legacies continue to influence contemporary notions of culture and race.

Simon Gikandi’s Maps of Englishness: Writing Identity in the Culture of Colonialism (1996)

- Published in 1996, Maps of Englishness looks at how English identity was constructed through colonial discourse and literary tradition. Gikandi explores how Englishness was used to define both the colonizers and the colonized, particularly examining the role of literature in shaping racial and cultural identities.

Information Booster:

Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth (1961) critiques the violent impact of colonialism on both the oppressed and the oppressors. It calls for revolutionary change and discusses the psychological trauma inflicted on colonized peoples. Fanon is particularly known for his exploration of the psychic violence caused by colonialism.

Ernest Gellner’s Nations and Nationalisms (1983) emphasizes the role of modernity in the formation of national identities. Gellner argues that nationalism is a modern phenomenon linked to industrial society, where education and the state play crucial roles in creating cohesive national identities.

Homi K. Bhabha’s Nation and Narration (1990) introduces hybridity as a key concept in understanding post-colonial nationalism. Bhabha's work focuses on the disruption of stable identities and explores how narratives of the nation are often fragmented and open to re-interpretation.

Robert Young’s Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race (1994) explores how colonialism and its legacies shape contemporary concepts of race and identity. It introduces the concept of hybridity and emphasizes the need to understand colonial desire in both cultural and theoretical contexts.

Simon Gikandi’s Maps of Englishness (1996) provides an in-depth analysis of how English identity was constructed during the colonial period and how colonial discourse played a role in defining who the colonizers and colonized were. Gikandi’s work focuses on the role of literature in the creation of cultural identity.