Heartland/Rimland Theory explains:

Correct option is C

The Heartland and Rimland Theories focus on geopolitical strategies and the balance of power between continental (land) and maritime (sea) forces. The Heartland Theory, proposed by Halford Mackinder, emphasizes that the control of the central landmass of Eurasia (the "Heartland") is key to global dominance. In contrast, the Rimland Theory, developed by Nicholas Spykman, suggests that controlling the peripheral maritime areas (the "Rimland") surrounding the Heartland is crucial for maintaining power and influence.
Information Booster:
· Heartland Theory: "Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island; who rules the World-Island commands the world."
· Rimland Theory: Focuses on coastal areas and the importance of sea power in controlling global geopolitics.
· These theories significantly influenced the strategies during the Cold War era.
· The struggle between land and sea powers remains relevant in modern geopolitics.
· Maritime chokepoints like the Strait of Malacca and the Suez Canal are strategic focuses of the Rimland Theory.