Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A: Intelligence is, to some extent, an inherited characteristic.
Reason R: Environment also has a significant influence on intelligence.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

Correct option is B

Correct Option – (b)
Introduction:
The nature-nurture debate in psychology concludes that intelligence is a complex trait determined by the interaction of both genetic inheritance and environmental factors.
Information Booster:
· Assertion (A) is Correct: Scientific studies on twins and adoption have proven that a significant portion of the variance in intelligence scores (IQ) can be attributed to genetic factors.
· Reason (R) is Correct: It is equally true that factors such as nutrition, education, socioeconomic status, and cognitive stimulation (the environment) significantly impact the realization of intellectual potential.
· The Relationship: While both statements are true, R does not explain A. The fact that the environment influences intelligence does not provide the "why" or "how" for intelligence being inherited. They are two independent contributors to a single outcome.
Additional Knowledge:
· If the Reason had stated something like "Genetic markers are passed from parents to offspring which code for neurological efficiency," it would have been the correct explanation for Assertion A.
· The "Nature via Nurture" view suggests that genes may provide a "range," but the environment determines where within that range an individual falls. Because they are distinct forces, Option 2 is the most accurate.