Correct option is B
Statements Analysis:
Statement A: "Association of 23S rRNA with 16S rRNA is essential to catalyze in vitro peptide bond formation using model substrates."
Incorrect: In bacterial ribosomes, 23S rRNA in the large subunit is essential for peptide bond formation during protein synthesis. However, 16S rRNA is part of the small subunit and is involved in other functions like mRNA binding and decoding, but not directly in catalyzing peptide bond formation. 23S rRNA is the main RNA component responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation. Thus, while 16S rRNA plays a role in ribosome function, 23S rRNA is primarily responsible for peptide bond catalysis. This statement is not fully correct because the association of 16S rRNA with 23S rRNA is not directly essential for catalyzing peptide bond formation.
Statement B: "The 23S rRNA is necessary and sufficient to catalyze in vitro peptide bond formation using model substrates."
Correct: 23S rRNA is known to be the key catalytic component of the ribosome for peptide bond formation. It catalyzes the reaction where amino acids are linked together in the process of translation. It has been shown that 23S rRNA alone, without the need for proteins, is capable of catalyzing peptide bond formation in vitro, supporting the idea that it is both necessary and sufficient for this reaction.
Statement C: "Ribosome carries a polymerization activity."
Correct: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, which involves the polymerization of amino acids into proteins. The ribosome's function in this process is indeed to catalyze the polymerization of amino acids into polypeptide chains. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Statement D: "The 16S rRNA is necessary and sufficient to catalyze in vitro peptide bond formation using model substrates."
Incorrect: While 16S rRNA plays a critical role in the small subunit of the ribosome (in decoding the mRNA and ensuring the correct pairing of tRNAs), it is not responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation. This function is carried out by 23S rRNA in the large subunit. Therefore, 16S rRNA is not sufficient to catalyze peptide bond formation.
Conclusion:
Statement B is correct because 23S rRNA is necessary and sufficient to catalyze peptide bond formation.
Statement C is correct because ribosomes indeed carry polymerization activity in the process of protein synthesis.
Statement A is partially correct but not entirely accurate because 16S rRNA is not directly involved in peptide bond catalysis.
Statement D is incorrect because 16S rRNA does not catalyze peptide bond formation.
