Early Classical Theory of Play known as Surplus Energy Theory was discovered by -

Correct option is D

The Surplus Energy Theory of play was proposed by Friedrich Schiller and later expanded by Herbert Spencer. According to this theory, play arises from the surplus energy that organisms generate beyond what is needed for basic survival. Play provides an outlet to release excess energy in productive or enjoyable ways.
This theory suggests that:
1. Play is a way to discharge unused physical energy.
2. It is more common in children and young animals because they have fewer responsibilities and more surplus energy.
Although influential, the Surplus Energy Theory has limitations, as it does not account for cognitive, social, or emotional reasons for play.
Explanation of Other Options:
· (a) Appleton: Known for theories on aesthetics and landscapes, unrelated to the theory of play.
· (b) Lang & Claparde: Their work focused on education and child psychology but did not propose the Surplus Energy Theory.
· (c) Buhler & Anna Freud: Contributed to psychoanalytic and developmental theories of play but not the Surplus Energy Theory.