Dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in:

Correct option is B

✅ (b) Stroma of chloroplast: • Dark reaction (Calvin cycle) occurs in the stroma, the fluid-filled space inside chloroplasts. • Uses ATP and NADPH (from light reaction) to fix CO₂ into glucose. • It does not require light directly but is light-dependent indirectly due to its reliance on light reaction products.
❌ (a) Grana: • Location of light reaction (thylakoids), not dark reaction.
❌ (c) Cytoplasm: • Photosynthesis does not occur here.
❌ (d) None of these: • Incorrect, as stroma is the correct answer.