Consider the following argument and pick the correct answer:
"All four legged creatures have wings
All spiders have exactly four legs
Therefore, all spiders have wings"

Correct option is B

Given Argument:

1. Premise 1: All four-legged creatures have wings.

2. Premise 2: All spiders have exactly four legs.

3. Conclusion: Therefore, all spiders have wings.

• Definition: An argument is valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises.

• Test: If the premises are true, must the conclusion be true?

Analysis:

• Structure:

  • "All A are B." (All four-legged creatures have wings.)

  • "All C are A." (All spiders are four-legged.)

  • ∴ "All C are B." (All spiders have wings.)

• This is a valid syllogism(e.g., like "All humans are mortal; Socrates is human; ∴ Socrates is mortal").

Conclusion: Valid(the conclusion follows logically).

• • Factually false(e.g., dogs are four-legged but lack wings).

• Premise 2:"All spiders have exactly four legs."

  • Factually false(spiders are arachnids with eight legs).

Conclusion: Both premises are false.

• Conclusion: "All spiders have wings."

  • Factually false(no spiders have wings).

Conclusion: False conclusion.