Assertion (A): In vitro testing forms the basis for hazard identification.
Reason (R): In vitro studies are performed within the same biological entities.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is C

In vitro testing is critical for hazard identification, particularly in toxicology and drug development, where experiments are performed on biological tissues or cells in a controlled environment, such as a petri dish or test tube. These studies do not occur within whole living organisms, making the Reason (R) incorrect. The Assertion (A) is true, as in vitro studies are often the first step in identifying potential hazards before conducting in vivo (within a living organism) tests.
Information Booster: 1. In vitro testing: Refers to studies conducted outside of living organisms, usually in lab settings, to analyze biological reactions in a controlled environment.
2. Hazard identification: The process of determining whether exposure to a substance could cause harm to health.
3. In vivo testing: Experiments performed within a living organism, typically following in vitro studies to validate results.
4. Toxicology: The scientific study of adverse effects caused by chemical substances on living organisms.