Which one of the following is a chemical parameter to measure the water quality?

Correct option is C

Hardness is a chemical parameter of water quality that measures the concentration of dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium ions. It directly impacts the usability of water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes.
Information Booster: · Chemical Parameters include hardness, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, and chemical oxygen demand (COD).
· Hard water can cause scaling in pipes and reduce the effectiveness of soaps and detergents.
· It is measured in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L).
· Temporary hardness is due to bicarbonates, while permanent hardness is caused by sulfates and chlorides.
· Treating hardness often involves softening techniques like ion-exchange or reverse osmosis.
Additional Knowledge: (a) Turbidity: Indicates the level of particulate matter in water, affecting light penetration. Measured in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU).
(b) Temperature: Affects water quality by influencing chemical solubility and biological activity. High temperatures can lower dissolved oxygen levels.
(d) Color: A physical characteristic that can indicate the presence of organic materials, metals, or other pollutants.