Arrange the following works in the chronological order of their year of publication:

A. Orientalism
B. Black Skin, White Masks
C. Masks of Conquest
D. The Wretched of the Earth
E. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is A

Explanation:

The correct chronological order of the works based on their publication years is as follows:

Black Skin, White Masks – Published in 1952 by Frantz Fanon. This book explores the psychological effects of colonialism on the black identity. It critically examines how colonial societies shape the mindset and self-image of the colonized people.

The Wretched of the Earth – Published in 1961, Frantz Fanon’s work is a powerful text on the effects of colonialism and the necessity for violent resistance. It remains a seminal text in postcolonial studies and revolutionary thought.

Orientalism – Published in 1978, Edward Said’s work critiques the Western portrayal of the Eastern world. It explores how these representations are a tool of domination used to justify colonial exploitation.

“Can the Subaltern Speak?” – This landmark essay by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, published in 1988, questions whether those who are marginalized in society, the "subaltern," can have a voice within the dominant structures of power and knowledge.

Masks of Conquest – Published in 1989 by Gauri Vishwanathan, this book examines how British colonialism has shaped Indian literature and intellectual traditions, focusing on the impact of colonial narratives on the colonized psyche.

Information Booster:

Black Skin, White Masks (1952) – Frantz Fanon

- A seminal work in postcolonial and psychological theory.

- Explores identity, race, and decolonization through psychoanalysis and existential philosophy.

- Examines how colonialism affects the consciousness of the colonized, especially Black identity in white-dominated societies.

The Wretched of the Earth (1961) – Frantz Fanon

- A revolutionary text arguing for violent decolonization.

- Critiques colonial power and its psychological effects.

- Aimed at mobilizing anti-colonial resistance movements and re-imagining postcolonial futures.

Orientalism (1978) – Edward Said

- One of the foundational texts in postcolonial theory.

- Said argues that Western depictions of the East (the Orient) are stereotypical and patronizing, used to justify colonial rule.

- Introduced the concept of "Orientalism" as a discourse of power and knowledge.

Can the Subaltern Speak? (1988) – Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

- A landmark postcolonial feminist essay.

- Questions whether marginalized voices (the subaltern) can ever be represented authentically in colonial discourse and dominant epistemologies.

- Challenges the assumption of representation and highlights the silencing of the oppressed.

Masks of Conquest (1989) – Gauri Vishwanathan

- A path-breaking study in colonial literary history.

- Explores how English literary education was used as a tool of colonial control in India.

- Argues that literature played a central role in shaping colonial ideologies and in managing colonial subjects through cultural domination.