Correct option is B
Explanation:
The correct chronological order of publication for these works is:
M.K. Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj or The Indian Home Rule (1909)
- Published in 1909, Hind Swaraj is Gandhi's political and philosophical treatise in which he advocates for Indian self-rule, critiques Western civilization, and emphasizes non-violence and self-reliance. It became one of his most important works during the Indian independence movement.
Michel Foucault’s The Order of Things (1966)
- Published in 1966, The Order of Things is a groundbreaking text by Foucault in which he investigates the history of human sciences. Foucault discusses the epistemic shifts that have shaped the way knowledge is produced and categorized, and he critiques the cultural and historical structures that determine what is considered truth.
Tony Bennett’s Formalism and Marxism (1979)
- Published in 1979, this work by Tony Bennett focuses on the relationship between formalism in literary criticism and Marxist theory. Bennett argues for the dialectical relationship between art, culture, and material conditions, and he explores how Marxism can provide insight into aesthetic theory.
Donna Haraway’s When Species Meet (2007)
- Published in 2008, When Species Meet is a philosophical and feminist work that explores the relationship between humans and animals. Haraway discusses how species interact and co-evolve, challenging traditional binaries and offering a feminist critique of science, technology, and the anthropocentric world.
Stephen Greenblatt’s The Swerve: How the World Became Modern (2011)
- Published in 2011, The Swerve traces the rediscovery of Lucretius’ poem De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things) and its impact on the Renaissance and the development of modern science. Greenblatt’s narrative examines how this text, promoting materialism and epicureanism, was pivotal in shaping the Enlightenment and modern thought.
Information Booster:
M.K. Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj or The Indian Home Rule (1909) reflects Gandhi’s vision for an independent India grounded in self-reliance, non-violence, and a return to traditional Indian values. The book critiques both Western civilization and British imperialism, arguing for Indian self-rule based on spiritual and moral principles.
Michel Foucault’s The Order of Things (1966) is an influential work in epistemology where Foucault examines how different disciplines like linguistics, economics, and biology have historically structured human knowledge. He introduces the idea of epistemes, or systems of knowledge, that shape different periods in history, challenging Western intellectual traditions.
Tony Bennett’s Formalism and Marxism (1979) engages with the interplay between literary formalism and Marxist theory. Bennett critiques the notion of aesthetic autonomy and argues that the economic base and social structures profoundly influence the way art and culture are produced and consumed.
Donna Haraway’s When Species Meet (2007) challenges the traditional views of human-animal relationships by discussing how humans and animals coexist in multispecies communities. Haraway critiques anthropocentrism and invites readers to rethink how science and technology interact with the natural world, suggesting a feminist approach to animal studies.
Stephen Greenblatt’s The Swerve (2011) focuses on the rediscovery of Lucretius’ text and its impact on the Renaissance. Greenblatt argues that the recovery of Epicurean thought helped shape the development of scientific thought and modernity, emphasizing how the text played a crucial role in shaping Western intellectual history.