An empirical counterpart of a concept is called

Correct option is D

A variable is the empirical counterpart of a concept, representing the measurable aspect of a concept in research. Variables are used to operationalize abstract concepts so that they can be tested, observed, or measured in empirical studies. For instance, if "intelligence" is the concept, then IQ score could be the variable that represents it empirically.
Information Booster: 1. Concept: An abstract idea or a general notion, such as "democracy" or "intelligence."
2. Variable: A measurable representation of a concept, which can take on different values, such as age, income, or test scores.
3. Construct: A theoretical or abstract concept developed for scientific purposes, but it typically requires operationalization to become a variable.
4. Hypothesis: A proposed explanation or prediction that is testable through empirical research.
5. Definition: An explanation of the meaning of a concept but not necessarily its measurable counterpart.