All are included in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy except–

Correct option is D

Sol. All three conditions — pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension — are part of the spectrum of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). These conditions vary in timing and severity but all involve elevated blood pressure during pregnancy. HDP is a leading cause of maternal and fetal complications globally. Since all options (a), (b), and (c) are valid types, the correct answer is (d) None of these, meaning no option is excluded.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Pre eclampsia – Included. A common hypertensive condition that develops after 20 weeks of gestation, often with proteinuria and organ involvement.
· (b) Chronic hypertension with superimposed pre eclampsia – Included. Occurs when a woman with chronic hypertension develops new-onset proteinuria or worsening BP during pregnancy.
· (c) Gestational Hypertension – Included. New-onset hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy without proteinuria or systemic involvement. It may progress to pre-eclampsia.
· (d) None of these – Correct. Since all the above are recognized hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, no option is excluded.