According to which theory of emotion the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur simultaneously?

Correct option is B

The Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion states that the physiological reaction (e.g., increased heart rate) and the emotional experience (e.g., feeling fear) occur simultaneously and independently. According to this theory:

• Emotional stimuli are processed in the thalamus, which sends signals simultaneously to:
1. The cortex (producing the conscious emotional experience).
2. The autonomic nervous system (producing physiological arousal).

For example, if you encounter a snake, you feel fear and experience an increased heart rate at the same time.

Information Booster:

1. Cannon-Bard Theory: Emphasizes parallel processing of emotions and physiological responses.
2. The theory introduced the thalamus's role in emotion processing, though later research showed the limbic system (amygdala) plays a greater role.

Additional Information:

James-Lange Theory (Option 1): Suggests that physiological arousal occurs first, followed by the emotional experience as a result of interpreting that arousal.

Cognitive-Arousal Theory (Option 3): Also known as the Schachter-Singer Theory, it states that emotions arise from a combination of physiological arousal and a cognitive label (interpretation of the situation).

Cognitive-Mediational Theory (Option 4): Focuses on the role of cognitive appraisal (evaluation of a stimulus) before the emotional response occurs.