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    ​According to classical Indian logicians (Naiyāyikas), which of the following arguments commits the fallacy of irregular middle?​
    Question

    According to classical Indian logicians (Naiyāyikas), which of the following arguments commits the fallacy of irregular middle?

    A.

    Sound is a quality because it is visible

    B.

    Sound is eternal because it is produced

    C.

    Sound is eternal because is is audible

    D.

    Fire is cold because it a substance

    Correct option is C

    Claim:"Sound is eternal (sādhya)."

    Reason:"Because it is audible (hetu)."

    Problem:

      Audibility (being heard)does not inherently imply eternality(being timeless).

      In Nyāya, eternality requires proof like"all-pervading"or"uncaused"—not mere perception.

      Thehetu("audible") isillogically pairedwithsādhya("eternal").

      Information booster 

      Irregular Middle: The hetu(middle term) fails to logically connect to the sādhya(major term).
      It is unproven (asiddha)or irrelevant to the conclusion.
      The hetu must necessarily and universally relate to thesādhya. Here, "audible" fails this test for "eternal."

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