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    A patient with COPD exacerbation presents with drowsiness, ABG shows pH 7.28, PaCO₂ 65 mmHg. Best immediate management?
    Question

    A patient with COPD exacerbation presents with drowsiness, ABG shows pH 7.28, PaCO₂ 65 mmHg. Best immediate management?

    A.

    Invasive ventilation with endotracheal tube

    B.

    Non-invasive ventilation with BiPAP

    C.

    Oxygen 10 L/min by non-rebreather mask

    D.

    IV sodium bicarbonate

    Correct option is B

    COPD exacerbation with type II respiratory failure (hypercapnia + acidosis) is best managed initially with non-invasive ventilation (BiPAP).
    Explanation of options: (a) ✘ Intubation only if NIV fails or patient unstable. (b) ✔ Correct; BiPAP improves ventilation, avoids intubation. (c) ✘ High-flow oxygen worsens CO₂ retention; give controlled O₂. (d) ✘ Bicarbonate not indicated; main issue is CO₂ retention.

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