A 45-year-old male presents with passage of fresh blood in stool. This condition is termed as:

Correct option is B

Hematochezia = passage of fresh red blood per rectum, usually due to lower GI bleed (e.g., hemorrhoids, rectal carcinoma).
Explanation of options: (a) ✘ Hematemesis = vomiting blood, usually from upper GI bleed. (b) ✔ Correct; hematochezia = fresh blood in stool, commonly lower GI source. (c) ✘ Melena = black tarry stools from upper GI bleed. (d) ✘ Hematuria = blood in urine, unrelated to stool.