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    A 14-day-old neonate presents with convulsions and rapid breathing. On exam, he also has jaundice. What is the most likely underlying cause?
    Question

    A 14-day-old neonate presents with convulsions and rapid breathing. On exam, he also has jaundice. What is the most likely underlying cause?

    A.

    Physiological jaundice

    B.

    Breast milk jaundice

    C.

    Severe bacterial infection with sepsis

    D.

    Kernicterus due to indirect hyperbilirubinemia

    Correct option is C

    In a 14-day-old, convulsions + fast breathing + jaundice = late-onset neonatal sepsis with CNS involvement. Physiological or breast milk jaundice rarely cause seizures.
    Explanation of options: (a) ✘ Physiological jaundice peaks day 3–5, resolves <10 days, no seizures. (b) ✘ Breast milk jaundice is benign, does not cause convulsions. (c) ✔ Correct; neonatal sepsis often presents with convulsions, tachypnea, jaundice. (d) ✘ Kernicterus causes lethargy, hypotonia, not fast breathing + sepsis features.

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