Ctet Environment Questions with Detailed Solutions

The correct answer is D: (i) Manure (ii) Fevicol.

Explanation
This is an analogy-based question.

Part (i):

Urea is an inorganic fertilizer.

Cow dung is a natural organic substance used to enrich soil. It is called manure (organic manure).

Therefore, the relationship is: Urea : Inorganic fertilizer :: Cow dung : Manure.

Part (ii):

Gum is a natural adhesive.

The corresponding artificial adhesive among the options is Fevicol.

Rubber is a natural polymer, not an artificial adhesive.

Therefore, the relationship is: Gum : Natural adhesive :: Fevicol : Artificial adhesive.

Thus, the correct pair is Manure and Fevicol, which matches option D.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect
A: (i) Organic fertilizer (ii) Rubber → "Organic fertilizer" is a broad category and not the specific term used in the analogy; rubber is not an artificial adhesive.

B: (i) Manure (ii) Rubber → Rubber is not an artificial adhesive.

C: (i) Fertilizer (ii) Fevicol → "Fertilizer" is too general; the specific term for cow dung is manure.

Additional Information
Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant and animal waste. It improves soil fertility and structure.

Fevicol is a synthetic adhesive (polyvinyl acetate-based) widely used as a strong bonding agent.

Analogies in EVS/science questions test the ability to identify relationships between pairs of objects or concepts.

The correct answer is (c).
Explanation
Let us analyze each statement:
Statement (A}: This is correct. Children relate better to real people and real-life situations, making learning meaningful and engaging.
Statement (B}: This is correct. EVS promotes discussion-based learning, where children connect concepts with their own and others’ experiences.
Statement (C}: This is incorrect. EVS does not restrict learning to classrooms or textbooks. Instead, it promotes learning from the environment and real-life contexts.
Statement (D}: This is correct. Real-life stories and experiences motivate and inspire children, making learning more impactful.
Additional Information
• {a} is incorrect because it includes {C}, which contradicts EVS philosophy.
• {b} is incorrect because it again includes {C}.
• {d} is incorrect because it excludes {A}, which is an important reason.

The Correct Answer is (c).
Explanation

The question emphasizes that children learn from their surroundings and that their experiences should be brought into the classroom. This clearly reflects the pedagogical principle of moving from the “Unknown to Known” {also expressed as “Known to Unknown” in some literature}. Children already have prior knowledge and experiences from their surroundings {the “known”}. Teaching should begin from these familiar experiences and then move towards new concepts {the “unknown”}. This helps in better understanding and meaningful learning. The principle of “Unknown to Known” means teaching should connect unknown concepts with the known base that children already possess.

Additional Information

{a} is incorrect because “Information to Understanding” refers to depth of learning, not the source of learning from surroundings. {b} is incorrect because “Local to Global” relates to expanding geographical scope, but the question focuses on experience-based learning from known to unknown. {d} is incorrect because “Global to Local” is opposite to the described pedagogy.

The correct answer is (d).
Explanation
The situation describes:
· Group activity
· Hands-on task (making letter box model}
· Assessment happening during the activity (process-based assessment}
A checklist is used to:
· Observe specific skills during activity
· Track performance step-by-step
· Assess process + participation + skills
· Quickly evaluate multiple students in group work
Example checklist items:
· Student participated actively
· Used materials properly
· Collaborated with group
· Completed task
This perfectly matches real-time classroom activity assessment
Additional Information
• {a} is incorrect because achievement tests are summative and paper-based, not suitable for activity-based assessment.
• {b} is incorrect because worksheets assess written responses, not practical group activities.

The correct answer is (a).
Explanation
We need to determine the relative positions with respect to Bihar.
Bihar is in eastern India.
Punjab lies in northwestern India, far to the north-west of Bihar.
Kerala lies in southwestern India, far to the south-west of Bihar.
Thus:
· Punjab → North-west of Bihar
· Kerala → South-west of Bihar
Additional Information
• {b} is incorrect because Punjab is not directly north of Bihar, and Kerala is not south-east.
• {c} is incorrect because Kerala is not south-east of Bihar.
• {d} is incorrect because Punjab is not north-east of Bihar.

The correct answer is (b).
Explanation
The experiment described:
· Mirror becomes hazy due to condensation of water vapour in exhaled air
· Focus is not just on concept, but on process of learning
EVS emphasizes:
· Observation → noticing haziness
· Inference → understanding moisture in breath
· Exploration → linking with real-life experience
Thus, the main objective achieved is:
· Engaging children in exploratory and hands-on learning
· Developing process skills {observation, classification, inference}
Hence, option (b} correctly reflects the general objective of EVS, not just content teaching.
Additional Information
• {a} is incorrect because simply demonstrating an experiment is a method, not a learning objective.
• {c} is incorrect because it limits learning to a single concept {temperature}, whereas EVS focuses on broader skill development.
• {d} is incorrect because inhalation/exhalation is a specific concept, not the general objective being assessed.

The Correct Answer is (d).
Explanation

At the district, state, and national level, large-scale assessments use standardized indicators to measure educational quality. Learning Outcomes are clearly defined statements describing what a learner should know and be able to do at the end of a learning process. As per the National Education Policy {NEP} 2020 and NCERT guidelines, Learning Outcomes are specifically designed for large-scale monitoring of education quality. They provide measurable indicators of learning, inform stakeholders {teachers, parents, policymakers}, and ensure quality and accountability. Learning Objectives, on the other hand, are teacher-centric and instructional in nature, not used for system-level assessment.

Additional Information

{a} is incorrect because competencies are broader and not always directly measurable at large-scale levels. {b} is incorrect because Specific Learning Objectives are too granular for system-level monitoring. {c} is incorrect because general Learning Objectives are less measurable compared to Learning Outcomes.

The correct answer is (b).
Explanation
Let us analyze both statements step by step:
The assertion states that cultural resources like folk tales, songs, jokes, and art enhance a child’s learning.
This is true because:
· These are part of the child’s lived experiences
· They improve language, imagination, and understanding
· EVS promotes contextual and experiential learning
The reason states that the child’s environment is not just physical but also socio-cultural.
This is also true because:
· Environment includes social practices, traditions, language, and culture
· Learning is influenced by both natural and cultural surroundings
· Cultural resources are important because they are part of the socio-cultural environment
· Hence, the Reason correctly explains why cultural elements help in learning
Therefore, both statements are correct, and the Reason explains the Assertion.
Additional Information
• {a} is incorrect because the Assertion is clearly true.
• {c} is incorrect because the Reason directly explains the Assertion.
• {d} is incorrect because the Reason is also true.

The correct answer is (a).
Explanation
EVS pedagogy at the primary level emphasizes:
· Experiential learning
· Child-centered approach
· Constructivist learning
· Imagination and expression
Option (a} involves asking children to draw a labelled diagram of the digestive system, which:
· Is formal, abstract, and content-heavy
· Focuses on rote learning rather than understanding
· Is not age-appropriate for elementary EVS learners
Thus, it does not align with EVS pedagogy.
On the other hand, EVS encourages:
· Visualization through personal drawings
· Expression of ideas
· Constructing knowledge through imagination
Additional Information
• {b} is correct pedagogy because it promotes imagination and internal visualization, making learning meaningful.
• {c} is correct because encouraging children to express views supports active learning and participation.
• {d} is correct because EVS is based on constructivist approach, where children build their own understanding.

The correct answer is (b).
Explanation
Role play is an activity best suited for:
· Social situations
· Real-life scenarios
· Human interactions and emotions
· Problem-solving contexts
Option (b} is most appropriate because:
· It represents a real-life situation
· Involves people, emotions, and decision-making
· Allows children to act out roles {family members, water distributors, etc.}
· Promotes empathy and understanding of resource scarcity
Other options are purely scientific concepts, which are better taught through experiments or demonstrations, not role play.
Additional Information
• {a} is incorrect because germination is a biological process, better understood through observation and experiments, not acting.
• {c} is incorrect because solubility is a scientific concept, suitable for demonstration, not dramatization.
• {d} is incorrect because evaporation is also a scientific phenomenon, not a social scenario for role play.

The Correct Answer is (c).
Explanation

Writing poems is an activity that primarily develops creative expression in children. This involves using imagination, expressing thoughts and feelings in original ways, connecting ideas uniquely and personally, and developing originality in language. In EVS, poetry writing helps children reflect on environmental concepts emotionally, build a personal connection with nature, and enhance creativity and communication skills. The dominant process skill developed is creative expression, as poetry allows multiple interpretations and personal voice rather than a single correct answer.

Additional Information

{a} is incorrect because “Learning skills” is too broad and not specific to poetry writing. {b} is incorrect because convergent thinking focuses on finding one correct answer, whereas poetry involves divergent thinking and multiple possibilities. {d} is incorrect because motor skills relate to physical movements, while poetry writing mainly involves cognitive and creative abilities.

The correct answer is (c).
Explanation
We will solve this step by step in a classroom-style approach:
Distance = 792 km
Time = 11 hours
Distance must be in meters: 792 km = 792 × 1000 = 792000 m
Time must be in seconds:
11 hours = 11 × 3600 = 39600 s
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Speed = 792000 ÷ 39600
Speed = 20 m/s
Thus, the correct answer is 20 m/s.
Additional Information
• {a} is incorrect because 72 m/s would imply a much higher speed than calculated; likely due to wrong conversion.
• {b} is incorrect because it underestimates the value, possibly due to incomplete unit conversion.
• {d} is incorrect because 36 m/s is nearly double the correct value, indicating calculation error.

The correct answer is (d).
Explanation
Environmental Studies {EVS} emphasizes contextual, experiential, and child-centered learning. The concept of local context means connecting classroom learning with the child’s immediate environment such as surroundings, culture, practices, and lived experiences.
· Statement {d} is correct because it reflects pedagogical principles:
· Pedagogically imaginative means the teacher creatively uses local resources and experiences to enhance learning.
· Ethically correct ensures that the content respects social values, diversity, and inclusivity.
This aligns with constructivist learning theory, where children build knowledge through real-life experiences rather than rote learning.
Additional Information
• {a} is incorrect because limiting local context to textbooks contradicts EVS philosophy. EVS promotes learning beyond textbooks, using real-life surroundings and experiences.
• {b} is incorrect because teaching should be child-centric, not teacher-centric. Selecting context based on teacher convenience ignores students’ needs and backgrounds.
• {c} is incorrect because “discipline of the school” is vague and restrictive. EVS encourages flexibility, exploration, and integration, not rigid discipline-based selection.
• {d} is correct because it ensures:
Learning is meaningful and engaging
It respects social and cultural sensitivity
It promotes critical thinking and ethical awareness

The Correct Answer is (c).
Explanation

At the primary level, especially Class 3, the EVS curriculum is designed based on child-centered, age-appropriate, and experiential learning. Children at this age understand concrete and familiar concepts better and learn through visualization and simple relationships. The “Family Tree” is most suitable because it helps children identify relationships within their own family {mother, father, grandparents, siblings}, is visual and easy to comprehend through drawing activities, and connects directly with their immediate environment and lived experiences. Abstract concepts like "society as family" or analytical topics like "causes of change" are cognitively inappropriate for Class 3 learners.

Additional Information

{a} is incorrect because “Changes in the family” involves understanding temporal transformations, requiring higher cognitive ability. {b} is incorrect because “Society as family” is an abstract sociological concept beyond Class 3. {d} is incorrect because “Causes of changing nature of the family” requires analytical reasoning appropriate for higher classes.

The correct answer is (a).
Explanation
Let us analyze each statement carefully:
Statement (A}: This is correct because EVS curriculum is title-based. organized around themes like “Family and Friends”, “Food”, “Water”, etc.
Statement (B}: This is correct. EVS follows a theme-based curriculum, where themes and sub-themes are arranged in a spiral and sequential manner, meaning concepts are revisited with increasing complexity.
Statement (C}: This is correct. EVS is an integrated subject, combining concepts from science, social science, and environmental awareness.
Additional Information
• {b} is incorrect because it includes {A}, which is incorrect.
• {c} is incorrect because it includes {A} and excludes {C}, which is essential.