X insults Y by calling him names in the presence of others, whereupon Y strikes X with a knife. X takes out a revolver from his pocket and shoots Y dead.

Correct option is C

The correct answer is C. Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, the right to self-defense is recognized, allowing individuals to protect themselves from unlawful aggression. However, this right is subject to the principles of proportionality and necessity. The force used in self-defense must not be excessive and should correspond to the level of threat faced.

In this scenario:

• X insults Y verbally, which does not constitute a physical threat.
• Y's response of striking X with a knife introduces a physical threat to X.
• X's reaction of shooting Y with a revolver is a lethal response to the knife attack and it is not proportionate to the threat involved. Hence it does not come under self-defense and will comes under the offence of murder as per Section 101 of BNS