Correct option is C
Statements (A), (B), and (D) are correct:
· (A) Combination of Centralisation and Decentralisation: India has a quasi-federal structure, where powers are shared between the Centre and States, blending both centralised and decentralised features.
· (B) Dominance of Religion in British Period: The British administration used a divide-and-rule strategy, often emphasizing religious identities and creating separate electorates based on religion, leading to religious dominance in politics.
· (D) Three Organs of Government: The Indian political system is based on three primary branches—Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary—following the principle of separation of powers.
(C) is incorrect, as in the Indian parliamentary system, the real executive power lies with the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, not the President, who is the ceremonial head of state. (E) is also incorrect, as the bureaucracy plays a substantial and active role in India, being integral to policy implementation and administration.
Information Booster:
1. Centralisation and Decentralisation: India's federal system includes a strong central government and empowered states, balancing powers through constitutional provisions.
2. Religion in British Period: Religion became a key element in political divisions due to British policies like separate electorates for Muslims and Hindus.
3. Three Organs of Government: The Legislative makes laws, the Executive implements them, and the Judiciary interprets laws.
4. Real Executive Power: In India, executive power is vested in the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, while the President holds a symbolic role.
5. Role of Bureaucracy: Bureaucracy is vital in policy implementation, decision-making, and governance, acting as a bridge between political leadership and citizens.
6. Separation of Powers: This system ensures checks and balances, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful.
7. Federalism with Unitary Bias: India’s federal system allows for central intervention in states under certain circumstances, reflecting unitary traits.