Correct option is D
The correct answer is (D) The chief centres of Tamil Siddhas were Tondinādu and Pāndinādu
Explanation:
• The Tamil Siddhas (Cittars) were a group of radical yogis and poets in South India who challenged the orthodox religious order. While they were active throughout the Tamil region, their 'chief centres' were not restricted to Tondinadu or Pandinadu in the way traditional temple-based Shaivism was.
• Instead, Siddhas were often associated with hills and forests (like Pothigai Hills or Kolli Hills) and were wanderers rather than being tied to specific regional administrative divisions.
• Option A is correct: Tirumular, the author of 'Tirumandiram', is considered the father of Tamil Siddha tradition.
• Option B is correct: They were famous for their 'protest' literature against caste distinctions, Brahmanical rituals, and idol worship, emphasizing internal realization over external display.
• Option C is correct: Their philosophy was monotheistic, focusing on Shiva as the supreme consciousness, and they held Murukan (as the teacher of wisdom) in high regard.
Information Booster:
• There are traditionally 18 great Siddhas (Pathinen Siddhargal) in the Tamil tradition.
• They contributed immensely to the Siddha system of medicine.
Additional Knowledge:
• The Tamil Siddha tradition peaked between the 10th and 15th centuries.
• Their language is often 'Sandhya Bhasha' (twilight language), which uses coded symbols to explain yogic secrets.