Who propounded the theory of multiple intelligence?

Correct option is A

The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner in 1983. This theory challenges the traditional view of intelligence as a single, general ability. Gardner identified eight distinct types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Each type represents a unique way of processing information and solving problems, emphasizing that individuals have diverse intellectual capacities that go beyond IQ scores.

Information Booster

1. Gardner introduced this theory in his book, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
2. The eight intelligences are:
   • Linguistic Intelligence: Sensitivity to spoken and written language.
   • Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: Ability to analyze problems and work with numbers.
   • Musical Intelligence: Skill in performing and appreciating musical patterns.
   • Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: Coordination and use of the body to solve problems.
   • Spatial Intelligence: Ability to think in three dimensions.
   • Interpersonal Intelligence: Understanding and interacting with others.
   • Intrapersonal Intelligence: Understanding oneself.
   • Naturalistic Intelligence: Recognizing patterns in nature.
3. Gardner’s theory is widely applied in education, promoting personalized learning approaches.
4. The theory recognizes diverse talents and skills in individuals, breaking the traditional bias toward linguistic and mathematical abilities.
5. Critics argue that the intelligences overlap with personality traits or skills rather than being distinct forms of intelligence.

Additional Knowledge

(B) Jean Piaget: Piaget was a developmental psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development, which describes how children acquire knowledge in stages but does not address multiple intelligences.

(C) David Weschler: Weschler developed intelligence scales (e.g., WAIS, WISC) to measure general intelligence through IQ tests, focusing on cognitive abilities but not multiple intelligences.

(D) Erik Erikson: Erikson is known for his psychosocial development theory, which outlines eight stages of human development. While influential in psychology, his work is unrelated to intelligence theory.