Who propounded the concept of "Innovation Diffusion as a Spatial Process"?

Correct option is C

The concept of "Innovation Diffusion as a Spatial Process" was propounded by Torsten Hagerstrand. He is renowned for his contributions to the study of diffusion processes, particularly how innovations (like new technologies, ideas, or practices) spread through space and time.

• Innovation Diffusion: Hagerstrand analyzed the spread of innovations, which could be new technologies, agricultural techniques, or cultural practices, and how they diffuse through populations over geographical space.

• He introduced the spatial aspect to the diffusion of innovations, explaining how physical distance, barriers, and accessibility affect the speed and spread of these innovations.

• Hagerstrand's Model: One of his famous models is the "contagion model", which describes the spread of innovations in terms of a spatial process where innovations are adopted progressively as they move outward from the source.

• His work is foundational in cultural geography and spatial diffusion studies, and he is considered one of the major figures in human geography.

• Ullman: Ullman contributed to the study of spatial interaction and economic geography, but not directly to innovation diffusion as a spatial process.

• Morrill: Morrill's work focused on urban systems and spatial analysis, but he did not contribute to the concept of innovation diffusion.

• Reilly: Reilly is known for his work on law of retail gravitation in geography, which is different from innovation diffusion studies.