Who has conducted the ‘Thematic Appreciation Test’ (TAT) on a group of entrepreneurs?

Correct option is A

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective psychological assessment tool developed by Henry A. Murray and Christiana D. Morgan at Harvard University. While traditionally used in clinical and personality psychology, it has also been adapted for research in entrepreneurship to study motivations, personality traits, and decision-making patterns.

Who Conducted TAT on Entrepreneurs?

Several researchers and institutions have used TAT to study entrepreneurs, including:

1. McClelland’s Research (1960s-70s) – David McClelland, a psychologist, conducted studies linking achievement motivation (n-Ach) to entrepreneurial behavior using TAT. His work suggested that entrepreneurs often display high need for achievement, risk-taking, and innovation.
2. Organizational Behavior & Management Studies – Some business schools and researchers (e.g., Harvard Business School, MIT Sloan) have used TAT to analyze entrepreneurial mindset, leadership styles, and stress responses.
3. Economic & Psychological Journals – Studies published in journals like:
• Journal of Business Venturing
• Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
• Psychological Assessment
  have employed TAT to explore entrepreneurial cognition and behavior.