Who argues that the migrants are the representatives of rural cosmopolitanism on the basis of their studies?

Correct option is D

Jan Breman and others.

(a) B. S. Baviskar and others:

• B. S. Baviskar is known for his work on cooperative movements and rural sociology in India. While his work touches upon rural society, it doesn't primarily focus on migration as a representation of rural cosmopolitanism.

(b) S. S. Jodhka and others:

• S. S. Jodhka is a prominent sociologist who has extensively studied agrarian change, caste, and social movements in rural India. His work often examines the transformations in rural society due to various factors, including migration. While he may touch upon aspects of cosmopolitanism in his work, it's not his central argument concerning migration.

(c) R. Bhagat and others:

• R. Bhagat is a demographer who has studied migration patterns and their impact on rural and urban areas in India. His research often focuses on the socio-economic implications of migration. However, the specific argument of migrants as representatives of rural cosmopolitanism is not his primary focus.

(d) Jan Breman and others:

• Jan Breman is a Dutch sociologist renowned for his work on labor migration and informal economies in India. His studies often highlight the complex relationships between rural and urban areas through the lens of migration. He has written extensively on the precarious conditions of migrant workers and their role in connecting rural and urban spaces. His work often touches upon the idea of migrants bringing in new ideas and practices from the urban areas to their rural origins, which can be seen as a form of rural cosmopolitanism.

Therefore, the most appropriate answer is (d) Jan Breman and others.

Jan Breman's work on labor migration and informal economies in India often highlights the ways in which migrants act as conduits for cultural and economic exchange between rural and urban areas. This aligns with the concept of migrants as representatives of rural cosmopolitanism.