Who among the following used the concept of glocalization?

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Correct option is A

R. Robertson

The concept of glocalization was introduced by Roland Robertson, a sociologist who explored the interplay between globalization and localization. The term glocalization refers to the process by which global phenomena are adapted to fit local cultures and contexts. Robertson used this concept to explain how global influences are not simply imposed on local societies but are filtered, modified, and incorporated based on local needs, practices, and preferences.

Glocalization emphasizes that while the world is becoming more interconnected through globalization, local cultures and communities still maintain agency and influence in shaping how global processes manifest within their contexts. This concept helps to understand the hybridization of cultures and how global forces interact with local identities.

Information Booster:

1. Globalization and Localization – Glocalization represents a blending of global and local influences, showing that globalization is not a one-way process but involves mutual adaptation.
2. Cultural Adaptation – Glocalization highlights how global products, ideas, or practices are modified to align with local customs, beliefs, and traditions.
3. Hybridization – The process of cultural hybridization is a direct result of glocalization, where cultures merge, creating new forms of identity and culture that are influenced by both global and local elements.
4. Role in Sociology – Robertson’s idea of glocalization has been widely used in sociology, particularly in the study of global culture, global media, and the impact of global commerce on local societies.
5. Local Agency in Globalization – The concept stresses the agency of local cultures in shaping how they respond to global influences, promoting a more interactive and dynamic view of globalization.

Additional Knowledge:

• I. Wallerstein – Wallerstein is best known for his world-systems theory, which explains global inequalities based on the division of the world into core, semi-periphery, and periphery regions. However, he is not associated with the concept of glocalization.
• M. Waters – Waters is known for his work on globalization but has not specifically used the term glocalization in the same way Robertson has.
• L. Martell – Martell focuses on globalization and its effects but is not the primary sociologist associated with the concept of glocalization.