Who among the following categorized laws into two types: the Shariat and the Zavabit?

Correct option is D

Ziauddin Barani, a medieval historian and political thinker, categorized laws into two types: Shariat and Zavabit. Shariat refers to the divine laws derived from the Quran and Hadith, while Zavabit refers to the secular laws established by the ruler, which are based on reason and necessity. Barani, in his writings, emphasized the need for a balance between these two in governance.
Information Booster:
· Ziauddin Barani served in the Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
· His works, such as "Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi," are important historical texts on the Delhi Sultanate.
· Barani emphasized the concept of "theocratic kingship."
· He believed rulers should uphold Sharia but could use Zavabit to address specific governance issues.
· His writings reflect the socio-political environment of medieval India.
· Barani's thoughts influenced later Islamic scholars and jurists.
Additional Information:
· Dara Shukoh: Known for translating Hindu scriptures into Persian.
· Basava: A 12th-century philosopher and statesman who initiated the Lingayat sect.
· Abul Fazl: A court historian of Akbar and author of "Akbarnama."