Which one of the following tribal movements took place in post-independence India ?

Correct option is B

The Bodo Movement took place in post-independence India. It emerged in the late 20th century as a political and social movement by the Bodo community of Assam, demanding autonomy and later, the creation of a separate state, Bodoland. The Santhal, Birsa Munda, and Kol rebellions were tribal uprisings during the British colonial period, prior to India's independence.

Explanation:

1. The Bodo Movement:
   • Began in the 1980s, spearheaded by groups like the All Bodo Students’ Union (ABSU).
   • Demanded a separate state within India for the Bodo people under the slogan "Divide Assam 50-50."
   • Culminated in the signing of the Bodo Accord in 2003, establishing the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC).
2. Other movements like the Santhal, Birsa Munda, and Kol rebellions were pre-independence tribal revolts against exploitation by landlords and colonial authorities.

Information Booster:

• Tribal movements in post-independence India focus on issues like land rights, autonomy, and cultural preservation.
• The Bodo Movement is one of the most significant post-independence tribal movements, influencing regional politics and governance.
• Other notable post-independence tribal movements include the Jharkhand movement and the Narmada Bachao Andolan.

Additional Information:

• (a) The Santhal Rebellion: Occurred in 1855–1856 against British policies and exploitation.
• (c) The Birsa Munda Rebellion: Took place in 1899–1900 in Jharkhand, led by Birsa Munda against the British and landlords.
• (d) The Kol Rebellion: Took place in 1831–1832 in present-day Jharkhand and Odisha regions.
• (b) The Bodo Movement: Post-independence struggle for autonomy in Assam, leading to the creation of the BTC.

Key Points:

• Pre-independence tribal uprisings were primarily anti-colonial or against feudal exploitation.
• Post-independence tribal movements often focus on autonomy, identity, and resource rights.
• The Bodo Accord of 2020 further empowered the Bodo people, reaffirming their cultural and political identity.