Correct option is C
Explanation-
Option C - The functions of p53 and Rb are augmented by E6 and E7 proteins of human papillomavirus.
This is factually wrong. The E6 and E7 proteins of HPV do NOT augment p53 and Rb. Instead E6 promotes degradation of p53 and E7 inactivates Rb, releasing E2F and promoting cell cycle progression.
Thus, these viral proteins inhibit tumor suppressors, contributing to cancer.
Correct options-
Option A - The c-myc gene is translocated to one of the immunoglobulin loci in a majority of Burkitt's lymphomas.
This is a well-established fact. In Burkitt's lymphoma, c-myc is commonly translocated to the IgH locus (chromosome 14) or sometimes to IgK (2) or IgL (22). This results in overexpression of c-myc, driving uncontrolled proliferation.
Option B - Viral integration into the cellular genome may convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.
This is true. Oncogenic viruses (e.g., HPV, HBV, HTLV) can integrate into host genomes, disrupting regulatory regions or activating proto-oncogenes.
Example: HPV integration can lead to oncogenesis by affecting host gene expression.
Option D - Many cases of metastatic breast cancer display increased expression of human epidermal-growth-factor-like receptor 2 (HER2).
HER2 is amplified/overexpressed in about 20–30% of breast cancers, especially aggressive/metastatic forms. It is used as a diagnostic and therapeutic target (e.g., trastuzumab/Herceptin).
Since option C is the only incorrect option among all the other , that makes it a correct answer.
