Correct option is B
The correct answer is (b) All alleles in the population are assayed at the same time. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) analyze genetic variations across entire genomes in a large population to identify associations between specific genetic markers (such as SNPs) and traits or diseases. GWAS does not require controlled crosses or known family relationships, as it relies on naturally occurring genetic diversity in a population. Moreover, GWAS does not focus on candidate genes, as it surveys the whole genome to discover new associations.
Information Booster:
- GWAS analyzes entire genomes to detect genetic variants linked to traits or diseases.
- SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) are the primary markers used in GWAS.
- GWAS relies on statistical analysis to find significant associations between genetic markers and phenotypes.
- Knowledge of candidate genes is not essential, as GWAS identifies previously unknown genetic contributors.
- GWAS is widely used in studying complex traits, such as diabetes, cancer, and height.
Additional Knowledge:
(a) There is a need to make controlled crosses or work with human families with known parent-offspring relationships:
This is incorrect. GWAS does not require controlled crosses or familial data, as it works with a diverse population's naturally occurring genetic variation. This is in contrast to linkage studies, which often rely on family data.
(b) All alleles in the population are assayed at the same time:
This is the correct answer. GWAS simultaneously assays genetic variations across the entire genome, providing a comprehensive view of genetic diversity and its association with traits.
(c) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) cannot be used for such studies:
This is incorrect. SNPs are the primary markers used in GWAS due to their high frequency in the genome and their role as indicators of genetic variation.
(d) Knowledge about candidate genes is essential:
This is incorrect. Unlike candidate gene studies, GWAS does not require prior knowledge of genes associated with the trait of interest. It is exploratory and scans the entire genome for potential associations.
